SS-31 + MOTS-c + NAD+ – 10mg / 10mg / 200mg (3ml Pen)

This three-component preparation is organised around a clean conceptual division: structure, signal and substrate. SS-31 stabilises the physical architecture of the inner membrane. MOTS-c acts as a mitochondrially encoded signal influencing nuclear gene expression. NAD+ supplies the redox coenzyme on which the respiratory chain and the sirtuin enzymes both depend. Each is well studied individually; the combination is not.

The three constituents engage separate layers of mitochondrial function. Research describes SS-31 binding cardiolipin in the inner membrane and stabilising respiratory chain supercomplex organisation. MOTS-c is described as activating AMPK signalling and translocating to the nucleus under metabolic stress. NAD+ functions as the electron carrier central to oxidative phosphorylation and as the consumed substrate for sirtuin and PARP enzyme activity. Extracellular NAD+ availability and cellular uptake remain debated in the literature.

Three constituents with markedly different evidence maturity — from randomised clinical trials to preclinical rodent work to foundational biochemistry. No combination research exists.

SS-31 clinical data

Randomised controlled research in mitochondrial myopathy and cardiac populations.

MOTS-c research

Preclinical work on AMPK activation and mitokine signalling.

NAD+ biochemistry

Foundational literature on redox function and sirtuin substrate availability.

Bioavailability debate

Ongoing research on direct NAD+ uptake versus precursor-based approaches.

Combination evidence

No published research examines this three-way combination.